Zosefera zabwino ndi zoyipa

Moyo wautumiki wa fyulutayo umasonyezedwa mu makilomita: monga makilomita 5,000 a zosefera zamafuta ndi makilomita 10,000 a zosefera mpweya.M'malo mwake, izi ndi zachibale, ndipo kuchuluka kwa makilomita omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga ndi mtengo wocheperako.Zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa analogi poyesa ndi fumbi lokhazikika pansi pamikhalidwe ya labotale.Ngati moyo wa fyuluta ukuwonetsedwa ngati mtengo wokwanira, ndiye kuti fumbi limagwira mphamvu kapena mphamvu yogwira fumbi la fyuluta.Mu zosefera zamagalimoto, kaya ndi zosefera zamafuta, zosefera mpweya, zosefera mafuta, ndi zosefera zoyatsira mpweya, mapepala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sefa.
Zosefera zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mbali za injini, kuyeretsa, kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa injini, kuchokera pamwamba pa zosefera zosiyanasiyana komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe fyulutayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, sizolondola kudziwa mtundu wa fyuluta, ndi fyuluta imayesedwadi Ubwino ndi wabwino kapena woyipa, choyamba, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
1. Ubwino wa pepala losefera
Mapepala osefera abwino komanso pepala losefera labwino amakhala pafupifupi ofanana pamwamba.Kuyendera kokha ndi zida zowunikira akatswiri kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu.Ubwino wa pepala la fyuluta umagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya fyuluta, ndipo pepala la fyuluta la khalidwe labwino limasefedwa.Pali zonyansa zambiri, chitsulo, ndi fumbi m'dongosolo.Pepala losakwanira bwino losefera limasefa zonyansa zochepa, chitsulo, ndi fumbi, zomwe sizingapereke chitetezo, komanso mbali zofananira za injini ndizosavuta kuvala.Makulidwe a pepala losefera lomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzosefera zazikuluzikulu ndi pakati pa 0.5-0.8mm, ndipo mawonekedwe azithunzi atatu a pepala losefera amatha kuwoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Chingwe cha mapepala chimangotenga 10% -15% ya danga la voliyumu, ndipo mabowo amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapanga malo ena onse, omwe timawatcha mabowo ogonera.Bowo la chidebe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala ndi fumbi.Pamene dzenje la chidebe litadzazidwa ndi fumbi ndipo kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa fyuluta kukafika pachiwonongeko, chidzafika kumapeto kwa moyo wake.Choncho, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza moyo wa fyuluta ndi khalidwe la pepala la fyuluta lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso ngati chiŵerengero cha danga ndi voliyumu cha pores mapepala a fyuluta chikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, mwinamwake dera lalikulu la fyuluta silidzakhala ndi zotsatira.Kachiwiri, gawo losefera la pepala losefera ndilofunikanso.Mapepala apamwamba kwambiri a fyuluta amawongolera kulondola kwa kusefera kwinaku akutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa fyuluta.
2. Kusefera bwino kwa fyuluta
Zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi khalidwe la pepala la fyuluta lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu fyuluta.Fyuluta yokhala ndi kusefera kopitilira 96% imatengedwa ngati chinthu choyenera.Kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera nthawi imodzi, pamalo amodzi, komanso kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana.Kusiyanitsa kodziwikiratu ndi Pakati pa injini yoyambira ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, malingaliro a dalaivala a injini ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi mu utsi wa galimoto, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za injini panthawi yokonza injini, ndizosiyana kwambiri.
3. Zomatira za pepala losefera ndi kapu yomaliza
Ndi pepala losefera labwino, payeneranso kukhala zomatira zabwino.Ngati asankhidwa molakwika, pepala la fyuluta mu fyuluta silingagwirizane kwambiri ndi zisoti zapamwamba ndi zotsika, ndipo mafuta amatha kugwa mosavuta panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo sipadzakhala kukhazikika.Dera lalifupi silipereka zotsatira zosefera.
4. Chitsimikizo cha njira yopangira
Kuchokera pamwamba, sipangakhale zomatira pakati pa pepala losefera ndi pepala la fyuluta, ndipo kufalitsa kuwala kuyenera kuwonedwa pansi pa kuwala.Ngati kufalikira kwa kuwala sikukuwoneka pansi pa kuwala, kumamatira pakati pa mapepala a fyuluta kudzakhudza kuyenda kwa keke yonse ya fyuluta ya mpweya, ndipo moyo udzakhala waufupi, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zosakwanira, ndipo si zophweka kuchotsa fumbi panthawi yoyeretsa.Fyuluta yabwino ya mpweya ilibe zomatira pakati pa mapepala a fyuluta, imakhala ndi kuwala kwamphamvu, ndiyoyenera kutengera mpweya wa injini, imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, ndipo ndi yosavuta kuyeretsa.
5. Njira ya fyuluta ya mpweya
Sankhani zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuti mupange zosefera, ndipo njira yopangira ndikuthandizira kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zili bwino.Pali njira zambiri popanga zosefera.Momwe mungawonetsere kuti zosefera zimateteza ndi kuyeretsa panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti injini ikuyenda bwino, imafunikira kutsimikizika kwazinthu pazonse zopanga.