Injini zamagalimoto ndi zida zofooka kwambiri, ndipo zonyansa zazing'ono zimatha kuwononga injiniyo.Sefa ya mpweya ikakhala yakuda kwambiri, mpweya wa injini umakhala wosakwanira ndipo mafuta amayaka mosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini isagwire bwino ntchito, kuchepetsa mphamvu, komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta.Panthawiyi, fyuluta ya mpweya, woyera mtima wa injini, ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakukonza.
M'malo mwake, kukonza kwa fyuluta ya mpweya kumatengera kusintha ndi kuyeretsa chigawo cha fyuluta.The mpweya fyuluta ntchito pa injini akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu: inertial mtundu, zosefera mtundu ndi mabuku.Pakati pawo, malinga ngati zinthu zosefera zimamizidwa mumafuta, zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu.Pali mitundu iwiri ya kunyowa ndi youma.Tinafotokozera zosefera zingapo zomwe zimapezeka pamsika.
01
Kukonza fyuluta youma inertial
Chipangizo chojambulira mpweya chowuma chimapangidwa ndi chivundikiro cha fumbi, chotchingira, doko lotolera fumbi, kapu yotolera fumbi, ndi zina zotero. Chonde tcherani khutu ku zinthu izi pokonza:
1. Yang'anani pafupipafupi ndikuyeretsa dzenje lotulutsa fumbi pa hood yochotsa fumbi la centrifugal, chotsani fumbi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi chopotoka, ndikutsanulira fumbi mu kapu yosonkhanitsira fumbi (kuchuluka kwa fumbi m'chidebe kuyenera kupitilira 1/3 yake. voliyumu).Pakuyika, kusindikiza kwa gasket ya rabara pa kugwirizana kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala kutayikira kwa mpweya, apo ayi zidzachititsa kuti mpweya uziyenda pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchotsa fumbi.
2. Chophimba cha fumbi ndi chopotoka chiyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera.Ngati pali chotupa, chiyenera kupangidwa mu nthawi kuti chiteteze mpweya kuti usasinthe njira yoyendetsera mapangidwe oyambirira ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zosefera.
3. Madalaivala ena amadzaza kapu yafumbi (kapena poto) ndi mafuta, zomwe siziloledwa.Chifukwa mafuta ndi osavuta kuponyedwa mu fumbi, deflector ndi mbali zina, gawo ili limatenga fumbi, ndipo pamapeto pake limachepetsa kusefa ndi kulekanitsa kuthekera.
02
Kusamalira fyuluta yonyowa ya inertia
Chipangizo chonyowa chosefera mpweya chimakhala ndi chubu chapakati, poto yamafuta, ndi zina zambiri. Chonde samalani izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito:
1. Nthawi zonse muzitsuka poto yamafuta ndikusintha mafuta.Kukhuthala kwa mafuta kuyenera kukhala kocheperako posintha mafuta.Ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi aakulu kwambiri, n'zosavuta kutsekereza fyuluta chipangizo fyuluta ndi kuonjezera kukana mpweya mpweya;ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi ang'onoang'ono, mphamvu adhesion mafuta adzachepetsedwa, ndipo mafuta splash adzakhala mosavuta kuyamwa mu yamphamvu kutenga nawo kuyaka ndi kupanga madipoziti mpweya.
2. Mulingo wamafuta mu dziwe lamafuta uyenera kukhala wocheperako.Mafuta ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati pa mizere yolembedwa pamwamba ndi pansi kapena muvi pa poto ya mafuta.Ngati mlingo wa mafuta ndi wotsika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta sikukwanira, ndipo zotsatira zosefera zimakhala zoipa;ngati mafuta ali ochuluka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumakhala kochuluka, ndipo n'kosavuta kuwotchedwa ndi silinda yoyamwa, ndipo zingayambitse ngozi "zothamanga".
03
Kukonza zowuma zosefera
Chipangizo chojambulira mpweya chowuma chimakhala ndi chinthu chosefera pamapepala ndi gasket yosindikiza.Samalani mfundo zotsatirazi mukamagwiritsa ntchito:
1. Yang'anani pafupipafupi kuti muwonetsetse ukhondo.Mukachotsa fumbi pamapepala a fyuluta, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yofewa kuti muchotse fumbi ndi dothi pamwamba pa chinthu chosefera motsatira njira ya crease, ndikugogoda kumapeto kwake kuti fumbi ligwe.Mukamachita izi, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yoyera ya thonje kapena pulagi ya rabara kuti mutseke malekezero onse a zinthu zosefera, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito makina oponderezedwa a mpweya kapena inflator kuti muwuze mpweya kuchokera muzosefera (kuthamanga kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 0.2-0.3MPA). kuteteza kuwononga pepala fyuluta) kuchotsa kukakamira.Fumbi limamatira kumtunda wakunja kwa chinthu chosefera.
2. Osayeretsa pepala la fyuluta ndi madzi, dizilo kapena petulo, mwinamwake izo zidzatsekereza ma pores a chinthu chosefera ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa mpweya;nthawi yomweyo, dizilo imayamwa mosavuta mu silinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malirewo adutse pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa.
3. Pamene chinthu cha fyuluta chikapezeka kuti chawonongeka, kapena pamwamba ndi pansi pazitsulo zowonongeka, kapena mphete yosindikiza mphira ikukalamba, yopunduka kapena yowonongeka, m'malo mwa fyulutayo ndi yatsopano.
4. Mukayika, samalani ndi gasket kapena mphete yosindikizira ya gawo lililonse la mgwirizano kuti musaphonye kapena kuyika molakwika kuti mupewe mpweya wochepa.Osawonjeza mapiko a mtedza wa chinthu chosefera kuti musaphwanye chinthu chosefera.
04
Kukonza fyuluta yonyowa
Chipangizochi chimapangidwa makamaka ndi fyuluta yachitsulo yoviikidwa mumafuta a injini.Samalani ndi:
1. Tsukani fumbi pa fyuluta ndi dizilo kapena petulo nthawi zonse.
2. Mukasonkhanitsa, zilowerereni chophimba cha fyuluta ndi mafuta a injini kaye, kenaka sonkhanitsani mafuta ochulukirapo a injini atatuluka.Mukayika, mtanda wa mtanda pa fyuluta ya fyuluta ya keke uyenera kupindika ndikugwirizanitsa, ndipo mphete zamkati ndi zakunja za mphira za fyuluta ziyenera kusindikizidwa bwino kuti zisawononge mpweya wochepa.
Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamagalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera za mpweya zamapepala mu injini zafala kwambiri.Poyerekeza ndi zosefera za mpweya wosamba mafuta, zosefera zapapepala zili ndi zabwino zambiri:
1. Kuchita bwino kwa kusefera kumakhala kokwanira 99.5% (98% kwa zosefera zamafuta osamba), ndipo kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa fumbi ndi 0.1% -0.3% yokha;
2. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kakang'ono, ndipo kakhoza kuikidwa pamalo aliwonse popanda kuletsedwa ndi mapangidwe a magalimoto;
3. Palibe mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yokonza, ndipo ulusi wambiri wa thonje, zomverera ndi zitsulo zimatha kupulumutsidwa;
4. Khalidwe laling'ono ndi mtengo wotsika.
05
Kusamalira:
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito pachimake chabwino cha mapepala posindikiza fyuluta ya mpweya.Kupewa mpweya wosasefedwa kuti usadutse silinda ya injini imakhala gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso ndi kukonza:
1. Pakuyika, kaya fyuluta ya mpweya ndi chitoliro cholowetsa injini zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi flanges, mapaipi a rabara kapena mwachindunji, ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zodalirika kuti zisawonongeke mpweya.Ma gaskets a mphira ayenera kuikidwa pa malekezero onse a fyuluta;Fyuluta ya mpweya yokhazikika Mtedza wa mapiko a chivundikiro chakunja cha fyuluta sayenera kumangika molimba kwambiri kuti zisaphwanyidwe ndi sefa yamapepala.
2. Pakukonza, gawo la fyuluta ya pepala siliyenera kutsukidwa ndi mafuta, apo ayi chinthu chosefera pamapepala chidzakhala chosavomerezeka ndikuyambitsa ngozi yothamanga mosavuta.Panthawi yokonza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogwedeza, njira yofewa yochotsera burashi (kutsuka makwinya) kapena njira yoponderezedwa ya mpweya kuti muchotse fumbi ndi litsiro zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa pepala losefera.Pa gawo lazosefera, fumbi lomwe lili mu gawo lotolera fumbi, masamba ndi chubu la chimphepo liyenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake.Ngakhale itha kusungidwa mosamala nthawi zonse, chinthu chosefera pamapepala sichingabwezeretse magwiridwe ake apachiyambi, ndipo kukana kwake kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka.Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri chinthu chosefera pamapepala chikuyenera kusamalidwa kachinayi, chiyenera kusinthidwa ndi chosefera chatsopano.Ngati chinthu chosefera pamapepala chathyoledwa, chobowoleza, kapena pepala losefera ndipo kapu yomaliza yachotsedwa, iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.
3. Pogwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuteteza fyuluta ya mpweya kuti isanyowedwe ndi mvula, chifukwa kamodzi kokha kapepala kamene kamamwa madzi ambiri, kumawonjezera kwambiri kukana kwa mpweya ndikufupikitsa moyo wautumiki.Komanso, pepala pachimake mpweya fyuluta sayenera kukhudzana ndi mafuta ndi moto.
4. Ndipotu, opanga zosefera sakulimbikitsidwa kusokoneza ndi kuyeretsa mpweya wosefera.Kupatula apo, momwe mungayeretsere zosefera zidzachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Koma kwa madalaivala omwe akufuna kuchita bwino, kuyeretsa kamodzi ndiko kusunga nthawi imodzi.Nthawi zambiri, kuyeretsa kamodzi kwa makilomita 10,000, ndipo chiwerengero cha kuyeretsa sichiyenera kupitirira nthawi za 3 (malingana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a galimoto ndi ukhondo wa fyuluta).Ngati ili pamalo afumbi monga pomangapo kapena m’chipululu, mtunda woikonza uyenera kufupikitsidwa kuonetsetsa kuti injiniyo imapuma ndi kuloŵera bwino ndi mwaukhondo.
Kodi tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasamalire bwino ndikusintha zosefera zamagalimoto zamagalimoto?
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-25-2021